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Gérer le stress hydrique : l'un des rôles des futures missions Sentinel - AgroTIC - Agriculture numérique
L’université de Leuven recherche un ou une professeur en outils et méthodes numériques pour l’agriculture septembre 7, 2021
Soutenance de thèse d’Alexandre MALLET (ancien AgroTIC) : Caractérisation spectroscopique robuste des déchets organiques: comment s’affranchir des effets de l’eau? septembre 8, 2021
L’université de Leuven recherche un ou une professeur en outils et méthodes numériques pour l’agriculture septembre 7, 2021
Soutenance de thèse d’Alexandre MALLET (ancien AgroTIC) : Caractérisation spectroscopique robuste des déchets organiques: comment s’affranchir des effets de l’eau? septembre 8, 2021
Les travaux de recherche, qu’ils soient privés ou publics, ont depuis longtemps montré qu’il est possible d’estimer l’évapotranspiration à l’aide de télédétection, à travers notamment la valorisation de bandes infrarouges pour l’estimation de la température de surface.
Depuis le démarrage du programme Copernicus et le lancement des premiers satellites Sentinel-1 en 2014, l’ESA et la Commission Européenne ont travaillé sur le recueil des futurs besoins en données de télédétection pour différents domaines et notamment pour l’agriculture. Avec les conditions climatiques actuelles et à venir, la gestion de l’état hydrique des plantes est apparu comme prioritaire. Entre 2018 et 2019, l’ESA a annoncé le lancement de six nouvelles familles de satellites Sentinel. Parmi ces missions, deux sont destinés à l’agriculture et à l’environnement : les missions CHIME (Sentinel-10) et LSTM (Sentinel-8).
La mission CHIME sera équipé d’un imageur hyperspectral du visible à l’infrarouge qui normalement, permettra un pilotage plus fin des cultures et par exemple de meilleurs estimations du rendement. Les spécifications des satellites ont été décidées afin de compléter les données de Sentinel-2 : acquisition en Europe aux alentours de 10h30 (horaire identique à celle de Sentinel-2), résolution spatiale entre 20 et 30m (idéalement 20m pour rééchantillonner sur la grille de Sentinel-2), revisite en 10jours à l’équateur, etc… La mission CHIME prendra la suites des missions allemande EnMAP et italienne PRISMA.
La seconde mission intéressante pour l’agriculture est donc LSTM, dont les satellites seront équipé d’un radiomètre infrarouge à haute définition spatio-temporelle. L’objectif est de mesurer la température de surface pour notamment estimer l’évapotranspiration et gérer l’état hydrique des plantes. Les spécifications promettent une acquisition à 13h sur l’Europe, une résolution spatiale entre 30 et 50m (permettant de piloter des parcelles à partir de 0,5Ha ou 1Ha) et un temps de revisite entre 1 et 3 jours.
Fin 2020, Thales Alenia Space et Airbus ont été sélectionné pour développé les satellites pour ces missions (respectivement pour CHIME et LSTM).
Malheureusement il faudra attendre 2028 et 2029 pour voir le lancement de ces satellites et donc encore après pour accéder à ces données…