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Pourquoi les agriculteurs perçoivent l'utilisation des services administratifs en ligne comme un fardeau ? - AgroTIC - Agriculture numérique
Quels enseignements du recensement Agricole de 2020 par l’académie de l’agriculture janvier 31, 2022
Classes virtuelles sur la science des données : valoriser les données agricoles février 4, 2022
Quels enseignements du recensement Agricole de 2020 par l’académie de l’agriculture janvier 31, 2022
Classes virtuelles sur la science des données : valoriser les données agricoles février 4, 2022
Un article intéressant et original publié par des chercheurs suisses de l’Agroscope , (Swiss Federal Centre of Excellence for Research in the Agriculture and Food Sector) qui ont étudiés la perception des agriculteurs envers les services administratifs en ligne destinés à remplir les obligations de déclaration (animaux, déclaration de surface, etc.). Cette question est intéressante car dans de nombreux pays du monde, les exploitations agricoles sont censées utiliser ces services en ligne pour gérer l’échange électronique de données avec les institutions régaliennes. L’étude publiée vise à explorer les facteurs susceptibles d’expliquer en quoi les agriculteurs perçoivent l’utilisation de ces services comme un fardeau. Pour mener cette étude, les auteurs proposent un cadre conceptuel d’analyse issue du domaine commercial et marketing. Un premier sondage qui a été effectué sur 230 exploitations a permis de faire une typologie d’agriculteurs en lien avec leur ressenti vis à vis des services administratifs en ligne. Cette typologie a conduit à réaliser des entretiens qualitatifs avec un échantillonnage stratifié (6 agriculteurs) qui a ensuite été complété par des interviews d’experts. Quatre grands types de facteurs explicatifs ont été observés :
(1) les caractéristiques de l’exploitation et de l’agriculteur (par exemple, la structure de l’exploitation, l’attitude de l’agriculteur à l’égard du numérique, la compétence de l’agriculteur en matière de numérique, la disponibilité d’un référent externe à proximité, l’organisation du travail et l’infrastructure), il apparaît que ces facteurs sont déterminants : par exemple un agriculteurs à l’aise avec le numérique saura facilement naviguer, s’organiser dans le temps et ne percevra pas le service en ligne comme un fardeau. La structure de l’exploitation constitue une limite puisque la diversification des productions requiert d’inter-agir avec une plus grande diversité de services et d’interfaces, ce qui est perçu comme une vraie difficulté. Les agriculteurs en coopérative bénéficient souvent de services annexes et de conseil qui limitent le ressenti négatif des agriculteurs. (2) les caractéristiques d’utilisation des services administratifs en ligne (par exemple, la quantité et la fréquence de la saisie des données et la période d’utilisation), Ces facteurs sont moins évidents et recoupent aussi l’organisation du travail en lien avec l’aisance de l’agriculteurs vis à vis du numérique. (3) les caractéristiques techniques (par exemple, la qualité du réseau sur l’exploitation, la documentation, la conception du logiciel (sa complexité, son interopérabilité avec les autres outils numériques de l’exploitation), à noter également que la duplication des supports d’échange (numérique et papier) est trés mal perçue, et (4) dans une moindre mesure, l’impact perçu sur l’exploitation agricole (sécurité des données). Les entretiens ont mis en évidence que l’utilisation des services administratifs en ligne ne présentent aucun avantage organisationnel pour les exploitations agricoles. Diminuer la perception du fardeau perçu par les agriculteurs doit donc jouer sur les facteurs identifiés (formation, aide à l’organisation, assistance, ergonomie des interfaces, transparence sur l’usage des données, etc.).