Iron Ox et FarmBot, quand les robots se mettent au vert
février 15, 2019Soutenance d’une thèse sur les maladies du bois de la vigne
février 16, 2019La communauté scientifique « agriculture de précision » est organisée au niveau international à travers une société savante : « l’international society of precision agriculture » (ISPA). L’ISPA regroupe plus de 500 adhérents dans le monde entiers, majoritairement des chercheurs et des enseignants chercheurs mais aussi quelques entreprises. Le rôle de l’ISPA est de patronner et fédérer un certains nombres d’actions scientifiques et techniques (dont le congrès Européen d’agriculture de précision qui se tiendra à Montpellier prochainement), elle anime aussi des ateliers de réflexions (Think tank) autour de l’agriculture de précision et de ses enjeux. Récemment, elle a mis en place une lettre dans laquelle l’ISPA demande à des chercheurs de faire un état des lieux de l’adoption de l’agriculture de précision dans chaque pays. Ci-après, l’état des lieux synthétique de l’AP en Pologne proposé par Stanislaw Samborski, professeur à l’université de Varsovie.
- the number one PA tool used, due to its most rapid pay back, is Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) autosteer and lightbars,
- auto section control of spreaders, sprayers and planters are being used more often even on medium size farms due its simplicity in use and savings on agricultural inputs. On irregularly shaped fields and fields where tramlines are not established these savings are estimated by the farmers as 5-15%.
- yield mapping is used mostly for grains and winter rape. The total number of combines equipped with a yield mapping system is estimated to be a few hundred. There is one potato harvester with yield mapping,
- the quality of yield mapping is quiet often limited by the lack of proper calibration of the system. Moreover, yield data due to its information-intensive nature and lack of proper processing are not often used for decision-making,
- there is one combine with a grain protein sensor used for research purposes,
- soil sampling together with a creation of soil fertility maps has been offered by PA companies and crop consultants for about 15 years,
- variable rate application of potassium, phosphorus and lime fertilizers is used on big and very big farms, mostly based on grid soil sampling,
- a few companies offer soil electro-conductivity mapping to do soil sampling by management zones, but the within field soil electro-conductivity patterns are usually not verified even by soil texture or other soil characteristics determination,
- small and very small farms very often do not do any soil sampling,
- a few companies started to offer processing of satellite images via website applications to estimate biomass production and yield potential, and to produce maps, mostly for variable application of nitrogen,
- the total number of active optical sensors used for variable application of nitrogen in cereals is estimated to be several dozen including all the makes offered worldwide,
- variable rate application of pesticides and variable rate seeding is estimated to be used only on a few to dozen farms,
- the biggest farms use software based on GNSS technology to improve work efficiency of farm tractors and machinery,
- PA is taught at a few universities and recently also in technical, agricultural secondary schools.