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Article Scientifique : état des lieux des applications Smartphone pour l'aide à la décision en agriculture de précision - AgroTIC - Agriculture numérique
Article Scientifique : état des lieux des applications Smartphone pour l’aide à la décision en agriculture de précision
Un article scientifique qui propose un état de l’art et une analyse des applications smartphones dédiées à l’aide opérationnelle pour l’agriculture (agriculture de précision).Cet article proposé par un consortium de chercheurs Portugais est intéressant car il ne se limite pas à un inventaire des applications smartphones mais il propose un cadre pour sélectionner, structurer et évaluer l’offre disponible :
positionnement et fonctionnalités offertes par les applications mobiles en fonction des opérations d’une exploitation agricole,
état des lieux sur l’écosystéme (systéme d’exploitation, type d’application (native, web, hybrides, etc.)
revue des capteurs actuellement disponibles sur les smartphones courants et leurs usages possibles
L’article propose une revue de 38 applications qui ont été identifiées comme pertinentes, les auteurs décrivent le raisonnement utilisé pour identifier et sélectionner ces 38 applications (en précisant bien que cette sélection n’est pas exhaustive mais qu’elle vise à faire un état des lieux des applications le plus représentatives et les plus « sérieuses »).Les applications ont été organisées en fonction de domaines d’application (cette structuration de l’offre est l’un des résultats de ce travail), Les auteurs ont ainsi identifié les domaines d’aide à la décision suivants :
Opérations sur les cultures
Protection des cultures et diagnostic sanitaire (Pest and diseases detection and diagnosis, Weeds identification and treatment, Soil and plant diagnosis),
Etat nutritionnel des cultures et fertilisation (Suivi de l’état nutritionnel, Spraying management, Fertilization application),
Irrigation (Etat hydrique des cultures, gestion de l’irrigation et aide à la décision sur l’irrigation);
Croissante des cultures et gestion du couvert (suivi de la croissance, calcul de LAI, etc.)
Gestion de Récolte (Estimation du rendement, estimation de la qualité).
Gestion de l’exploitation (technique, économique, tracabilité, etc.)
Cartographie des parcelles, géoréférencement des parcelles et calcul de surface,
Gestion des observations sol
gestion des points de prélèvements et d’échantillonnage,
calcul d’indicateurs sur le sol (colour, pH, NPK (N—nitrogen, P—phosphorus and K—potassium), carbon content, etc.)
Gestion des équipements :
calcul de coût des machines,
guidage et aide au guidage,
suivi des machines et de leur utilisation (productivity, efficient use, stability, etc.
Gestion des activités de l’exploitations
Gestion des tâches effectuées sur les parcelles
Gestion des ressources humaines;
Informations techniques diverses (météo, accès à l’échange informel d’informations entre pairs, accès à l’expertise, information sur les marchés, veille technique,
L’architecture et les caractéristiques des 38 applications présentées, sont également décrites selon un certains nombres de critères : type d’application (Système d’exploitation, application native ou autre) ; type de traitement ; plate-forme d’exploitation et source à partir de laquelle l’application a été trouvée ; disponibilité en téléchargement ; langues dans lesquelles elle est disponible ; nécessité de la connexion Internet ; utilisation de capteurs internes ; nécessité de capteurs externes ; possibilité de sauvegarder et de réutiliser les données ; interface et facilité d’utilisation. etc.).L’une des conclusion de l’article est de mettre en évidence la difficulté à recenser et évaluer les applications professionnelles « sérieuses ». L’article évoque les difficultés que cela va représenter dans le futur car les applications professionnelles vont continuer à se développer, il sera nécessaire de définir et de créer des critères et des normes permettant d’évaluer l’utilité, le niveau de connaissance, la convivialité, l’intégration dans l’écosystème de l’exploitation, etc. pour conseiller au mieux les agriculteurs afin de bien identifier les applications considérées comme un outil de travail et non des applications pour les passionnés et les « divertissements ».