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[Article Scientifique] : Du crayon au numérique : une analyse de la traçabilité dans les exploitations agricoles - AgroTIC - Agriculture numérique
[CDI] Chargé(e) de projets sélection génétique aquacole en charge du système informatique de gestion et de collecte des données juillet 29, 2024
L’Acta recrute un(e) ingénieur(e) en agriculture numérique juillet 29, 2024
[CDI] Chargé(e) de projets sélection génétique aquacole en charge du système informatique de gestion et de collecte des données juillet 29, 2024
L’Acta recrute un(e) ingénieur(e) en agriculture numérique juillet 29, 2024
Des chercheurs de l’unversité de Perdue aux états unis viennent de publier un article de review dans l’excellent journal « precision agriculture » sur les outils de traçabilité dans les exploitations agricoles. Ce sujet est peu abordé dans la littérature, il est pourtant central dés lors que l’on parle de numérique en agriculture, c’est la raison pour laquelle cette article mérite d’être mentioné.
Le constat des chercheurs est qu’à l’heure de la numérisation de l’agriculture, il est essentiel de documenter les opérations agricoles. Ces documents permettent d’assurer une traçabilité des opérations mais aussi une analyse économique des opérations pour des prises de décision techniques plus éclairées. L’enregistrement des opérations sur l’exploitation est ancrée dans une tradition ancienne et a évolué du crayon/papier vers des outils numériques intégrant diverses approches. Ces outils varient considérablement dans la maniére dont les données sont saisies/enregistrées, ce qui souléve beaucoup de questions sur le caractére complet, la précision et l’interopérabilité. Les auteurs proposent d’évaluer la diversité des solutions existantes afin de déterminer leurs avantages et leurs faiblesses et d’analyser leurs caractéristiques, en mettant l’accent sur l’interopérabilité et la prise en compte de l’efficacité (complétude) et de l’exhaustivité des données saisies. La tenue de registres sur papier, méthode ancienne et fiable, est progressivement remplacée par des plateformes numériques. De nombreuses universités, instituts techniques et entreprises ont proposé des feuilles de calcul (tableau) pour assurer la saisie et la gestion des exploitations agricoles. Les formulaires de saisies associés représentent la première étape vers la tenue intuitive de registre de traçabilité numériques. Parallélement, les logiciels de gestion agricole, les applications web et les applications smartphones (indépendantes ou pas) sont de plus en plus utilisées pour traiter les données agricoles volumineuses. Parmi les logiciels et les applications étudiés, la plupart sont payants et peu permettent l’interopérabilité des données. L’étude effectuée par les chercheurs indique qu’aucun outil (parmi ceux étudiés) n’est libre et/ou avec un code source ouvert, ce qui peut constituer, d’aprés les auteurs, un frein à l’interopérabilité des données (on remarquera que la notion d’API qui peut constituer une solution à ce probléme n’est pas abordée dans l’article, on remarquera également que certaines solutions open source telle que celle proposée par ekylibre ne sont pas identifiées). A la fin de l’article et sur la base de leur analyse, les auteurs proposent un schéma visant à faciliter la saisie, le stockage et l’échange de données de l’exploitation. Ce schéma est intéressant car il prend en compte toutes les fonctionnalités associées à un outil de traçabilité et de gestion technique de l’exploitation, de la saisis au partage en passant par l’analyse.