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Article scientifique : comment évaluer la qualité de l'application modulée d'herbicide ? - AgroTIC - Agriculture numérique
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Article Scientifique : derniéres avancées pour une mesure automatique de la teneur en Phosphore du sol octobre 28, 2019
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C’est une question à laquelle se sont intéressés des chercheurs danois de l’université de Copenhague qui viennent de publier leurs résultats dans le journal of precision agriculture. Cet article propose une approche empirique remarquablement simple et efficace pour tester l’aptitude des pulvérisateurs à moduler l’application d’herbicide. Les auteurs ont tout simplement proposé de remplir les pulvérisateurs avec un colorant rouge alimentaire (Ponceau 4R), d’effectuer une pulvérisation modulée (sur des chaumes), d’acquérir des images par drone après pulvérisation et d’analyser ces images afin d’identifier les zones effectivement pulvérisées (rouges) sur les parcelles. Ce travail s’intéresse uniquement au cas où des cartes de préconisation (cartes d’adventices) préalablement établies sont utilisées pour piloter la modulation de l’herbicide par le pulvérisateur. L’approche proposée par les auteurs consiste donc à comparer les cartes de modulation avec les cartes d’application réelles pour quantifier l’aptitude des pulvérisateurs à respecter les préconisations. Les auteurs ont testé quatre pulvérisateurs commerciaux avec différentes vitesses d’avancement de 2,5 à 8 km h-1. Les résultats ont montré que des différences nettes étaient observées selon si la modulation était effectuée par tronçon (type A) ou buse par buse (type B). Pour A, la surface traitée alors qu’elle n’aurait pas dû l’être correspond à 81 % de la surface à traiter, elle n’est que de 5 % pour B. En revanche, les surfaces non traitées alors qu’elles auraient dû l’être sont de 6 % pour A, alors qu’elles sont de 14 % pour B. Cette étude a ainsi permis de révéler que les pulvérisateurs de type B expérimentés avaient un contrôleur qui n’était pas assez rapide pour ouvrir et fermer les buses de pulvérisation à des vitesses normales de conduite. Par ailleurs, les fichiers d’enregistrement des consoles surestiment de 24 % en moyenne la surface réellement pulvérisée, les auteurs n’ont pas identifié l’origine de ces erreurs.